An investigation of fish consumption attitude among nutrition experts in Iran

Nutrition experts have a large audience form the general public, so they can exert high impacts on the fish consumption attitude of the lay people. As such, we deemed an investigation of the fish consumption attitude of nutrition experts of great importance in fish extension planning and policy making. We selected 144 nutrition experts and interviewed them in September 2005. The results showed that 64% of the respondents believed advertisement on fish consumption could have high to very high effect on the promotion of fish consumption attitude of the people

AC Impedance Analysis of the Al/ZnO/p-Si/Al Schottky Diode: C-V Plots and Extraction of Parameters

In this research, we report on the measurement of the capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics Al / ZnO / p-Si / Al Schottky diode at room temperature and in dark condition fabricated by spray pyrolysis process. C-V characteristics, within the range of frequencies 5 kHz-5 MHz, are investigated and microelectronic parameters are extracted. Donor density and diffusion potential vary with frequency from 15 to 28 1014 cm – 3, 0.21 to 0.45 V. Besides, the interface state density of Al /ZnO /pSi/Al Schottky is determined and found to be 1012 (eV cm²) – 1. Calculated at 1 MHz, the interfacial layer thickness and depletion layer width are of 760 Å and 0.28 m

Stability of Topological Black Holes

We explore the classical stability of topological black holes in d-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime, where the horizon is an Einstein manifold of negative curvature. According to the gauge invariant formalism of Ishibashi and Kodama, gravitational perturbations are classified as being of scalar, vector, or tensor type, depending on their transformation properties with respect to the horizon manifold. For the massless black hole, we show that the perturbation equations for all modes can be reduced to a simple scalar field equation. This equation is exactly solvable in terms of hypergeometric functions, thus allowing an exact analytic determination of potential gravitational instabilities. We establish a necessary and sufficient condition for stability, in terms of the eigenvalues $\lambda$ of the Lichnerowicz operator on the horizon manifold, namely $\lambda \geq -4(d-2)$. For the case of negative mass black holes, we show that a sufficient condition for stability is given by $\lambda \geq -2(d-3)$.Comment: 20 pages, Latex, v2 refined analysis of boundary conditions in dimensions 4,5,6, additional reference

Petrology and petrogenesis of Kamtal Intrusion Eastern Azarbaijan, NW Ian

Abstract The Kamtal Intrusion is located in Eastern Azarbaijan province, northwestern Iran, near the Armenian border. This body consists of an acidic part of monzogranitic composition, and an intermediate-basic part which is composed of quartz-monzonite and gabbro. The gabbro forms lenses within the intermediate rocks. Monzogranite has been intruded into the quartz-monzonite. Both monzogranites and quartz-monzonites are high-K calk-alkaline and metaluminous in composition and can be classified as I-type granitoids, while the gabbro has tholeiitic affinity. Monzogranite and quartz-monzonite are characterized by LREE-rich patterns and high LREE/HREE ratios. The similarities of their REE patterns suggest a genetic relationship among these rocks. The geochemical characters of the gabbro types indicate two different patterns: a flat pattern with low LREE/HREE ratio, and a steep pattern with high LREE/HREE ratio. The former was probably produced by high melting ratio of a depleted mantle source, and the steep pattern probably was the result of a low melting ratio of this mantle source. Negative anomalies of Nb and Ti can be seen in all rock types of the Kamtal Intrusion, which is indicative of subduction zones. The comparison of trace element variations with granitoid rocks of different tectonic settings allows observing a similarity between the Kamtal Intrusion and Andean volcanic arc granitoids. The Kamtal body is related to the VAG tectonic setting and was probably produced as a result of Khoy back-arc basin subduction beneath the Azerbaijan continental crust

Carrier-induced ferromagnetism in n-type ZnMnAlO and ZnCoAlO thin films at room temperature

The realization of semiconductors that are ferromagnetic above room temperature will potentially lead to a new generation of spintronic devices with revolutionary electrical and optical properties. Transition temperatures in doped ZnO are high but, particularly for Mn doping, the reported moments have been small. We show that by careful control of both oxygen deficiency and aluminium doping the ferromagnetic moments measured at room temperature in n-type ZnMnO and ZnCoO are close to the ideal values of 5mB and 3mB respectively. Furthermore a clear correlation between the magnetisation per transition metal ion and the ratio of the number of carriers to the number of transition metal donors was established as is expected for carrier induced ferromagnetism for both the Mn and Co doped films. The dependence of the magnetisation on carrier density is similar to that predicted for the transition temperature for a dilute magnetic semiconductor in which the exchange between the transition metal ions is through the free carriers.Comment: 14 pages pd

Economic evaluation of municipal solid waste recycling in Yazd: Cost-benefit analysis

Background and aims: In every urban waste management plan, recycling and reuse is considered as an economic pattern. This study aimed to economic evaluation of municipal solid waste recycling in Yazd by cost-benefit analysis in 2015. Methods: This research is a descriptive–analytic study which in the data about quality and quantity of municipal solid waste in Yazd city were collected through the sampling and physical analysis and the data about total income and costs from the implementation of waste separation and recycling were collected by interview with recovery officials and field observations and were analyzed through the economic analysis of the cost-benefit. Results: The results indicated that the mean of waste produced annually in Yazd city was 109679.51 tons per years. The percentage of municipal waste components was organic matter (67%), plastics (7%), paper and cardboard (5%), metals (2%), wood (2%), glass (2%), leather and rubber (1%), textiles (1%) and PET containers (1%), respectively. Also, Only 2 percent of total daily production of waste were separated and recycled at source. The implementation a cost of waste separation at source on a monthly basis was 768,880,000 Rails and the benefits of it was 904,667,400 Rails and as a result, the amount of net benefit derived from the recycling scheme was 135,787,400 Rails. Conclusion: Considering the economic benefits of waste separation and recycling at source in the city of Yazd, can be in addition to compensate the many of the waste management sector costs and reduced waste disposal and management costs, Preventing environmental degradation and pollution of water, soil and air resources

Remyelination of the corpus callosum by olfactory ensheathing cell in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) causes loss of the myelin sheath, which leads to loss of neurons. Regeneration of myelin sheath stimulates axon regeneration and neurons� survival. In this study, olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation is investigated to restore myelin sheath in an experimental model of MS in male mice.OECs were isolated from the olfactory mucosa of seven-day-old infant rats and cultured. Then, cells were evaluated and approved by flow cytometry by p75 and GFAP markers. A total of 32 mice (C57BL /6) were studied in four groups; 1) without any treatment (control), 2) Sham (receiving PBS), 3) MS model and 4) MS and OEC transplantation. MS was induced by adding Cuprizon in the diet of animals for six weeks. After the expiration of 20 days, histologic analysis was performed with approval of the presence of cells in the graft area and the removal of myelin and myelin regeneration with two types of luxal fast blue (LFB) staining and immunohistochemistry. The purity of the cells ensheathing the olfactory was 90. There was a significant difference in Myelin percentage of PBS and OEC recipient groups (P�0.05). MBP and PLP of the myelin sheath in the group receiving OECs were more than MS group.According to the findings, in MS model MBP and PLP of the myelin sheath is reduced. In the group receiving OECs, it was returned to a normal level significantly compared to the sham group received only PBS significant differences were observed. The OECs transplantation can improve myelin restoration. © 2015 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved